Manufacture of paints.



Io Drawing.

ROBERT swnnv PERRY, OF CAVE SPRING, GEORGIA.

mANiIFAc'rURE or PAINTS.

Specification of Letterslatent.

Application filed May 27, 1 908.

Patented Nov. 2, 1909.

Serial No. 435,266.

. T all whom it .may concern Be 1t known that I, ROBERT SVAIN P151231, 1 Qf'CitVe Spring, in the county of Floyd andv State of Georgia, (whose present post-oilice address is Queen andStokely streets, Falls of Schuylkill, Philadelphia, in the county of Philade phia and, State of Pennsylvania,) have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Paints, w'vhereof the following is a specification. The object of my invention is to enable the production of paints, varnishes and stains,

Lwhich shall have a positive power of retarding .or inhibiting the rusting of steel and iron surfaces upon which they may be applied.

In order to fully comprehend the scope andurpose of my invention, as thus indb .Cate it is necessary to briefly advert to certain characteristics of paints, heretofore employed.

A paint, as known in the arts, is primarily an incorporation of a solid pigment, or pigments, in a more or less liquid vehicle, which vehicle, after application upon a surface,

will oxidize, dry, or otherwise harden so as to remain in intimate contact with the underlying surface, and to form a composite skin or protective coating therefor. Incidentally, the paint, may ofcoursc, be required. to have a decorative value, but, for the present purposes, this fcatureinay be deemed negligible,

; since the protective feature, as such, is the subject for consideration. The protection afforded to iron and steel by most paints is simply the indirect one of atfording ucovering, which tends to prevent the access of n'ioist'nre and acids and other rust forming agencies, and in such aspect the desiderate are that the vehicle and the solid ingredients cnrriedthereby, shall be of such character as to prolong th physical integrity of the coating, and that they shall not either individually or as the result of combination, tend to corrode the metallic surface to any substantial extent. Recently attempts have been made to employ pigments, or solid ingredi= cuts, in paints, 'wlnch'shall, in themselves,

I tend to directly prevent or retard the corrothe purpose now under consideration, of

great practical importance, owing to. the physical characteristics of the vehicle, which are liquid or semi-liquid, and those of the true pigmentury"ingredients, which are of solid character, however line may be the state of subdivision of their particles.

In order that I may clearly indicatev my discovery and invention, it is necessary for Inc to classify tli'e nnlteriuls entering into puint, withregard to their solubility. in water or in-linsccd oil, which, for practical purposes, may be considered as the typical substances important in this connection. For the purpose of such classification ofpigmrntury mulcrials, it is proper to distin- :h between insoluble materials, (in either the above mentioned liquids) slightly solublc nmtcrlflls, and l'reely soluble materials.

in insoluble material would be one-which wouldnot to any appreciable extent be sol u.- l,=! in the liquids mentioned. The ditl'erenre between slightly soluble nnttcriuls and freely soluble nmtcrials may be defined as follunx *JL' piginentary materiel, in Whichthe part. cles lntve definite solid form, if treated by water or by linseed oil, in the proportion of these substances which would obtain in the use thereof in actual practice of the paint industry, would not,,in the case of a slightly,

soluble nnitcrial, substantially lose the form of its particles, as it whole, \vhereus, a freely soluble material would completely dissolve and wholly lose the solid form of its particles; Therefore, in the case of a slightly soluble nnlterial, in the above aspect it may be said that although there might be a small percentage of the solid material taken up by the liquid, yet the portion actually-diwo' ved would not be considered by a paint maker, substantially modifying the formula of 'the resultant product,

Rctnrning now to the use of rust inhibiting ingredients, s0 tar as I am aware, they have usually been essentially a part of the pigment, or solid component cz i'rried by the vehicle,- and have been either linseed 011 in soluble, 0r linseed oil slightly-soluble, and

may be applied to: such ingredients as p05: the seine time either wa ter slightly-501w ble or water freely-soluble, and the'positive gen ions at the point of contact of moisture shou d exhibit o y a moderate tendency toprotection thus afi'orded, has limitations which it is the object. of my invention to" avoid.

I have found that the vehicle itself may be so constituted as to have apositive rust inhibiting tendency, irrespective of the char- :icter of the pigment or pigments carried thereby, and that by reason of this fact a highly advantageous distribution and appli- 'catiouof the desired properties-can be obtained."

' I have discoveredthat there is a class of positive rust inhibiting ingredients which are freely vlinseed-oil soluble, and which may therefore be directly combined with the ordinary. vehicles employed for paint in such a manner as not to substantially'modify the essential character thereof, I. believe this rust-inhibiting action 'to be due to the fact that said ingredientsv have the property-of decreasing the concentration of the hydrQ- with the iron or steel-surface, or that they in some manner prevent the interchange of the electrostatic charge between said metal and thehydrogen ions; but, whether this theory be correct or not, the fact is that they do positively inhibit corrosion by preventin or retarding the attack upon the'ion or steel which results.in rusting. Substances thus adapted for direct combination with the" vehicle, should preferably have the following qualities :They. should not substantially detract from the attributes of the vehiclein respect to its capacity for mechanically ctirryin the solid ni entary ingredients; they ward chemical reaction with the staple comslightly water mercial pigments, either in the directionof injuriously modifying said; pigments, or of latteryandu they should 'be such as not to tsubstantially impair the col0r efi'ect or hoginogeneonsa pearance-of the finished paint ,I oating. 3 4

The lass of .inaterials which I wish to include' in this patent and to which I restrict myclaims are those combinations of an or'-,

ganic aci radical with an'inorganic base (such as linoleate of chromium and resinate" of chromium) .which are rust inhibitors, and which have the following characteristics;

viz: that they are freely linseed-oil solub1e,

but not freely water-soluble, as those terms are above explained although they mayobe soluble as that term is a 've explained further, that the metal of the base, in eachcase, is precipitable in ammonincal solutioi:i as a sulfid or hydrate, by,

means of hy rogen sulfid; further, that the metal oi the base is electronegative to iron when laced in contact with iron and em- .b'edd in Iferroxyl indicator 5 further, that in the presence of distilled water they do provided that each possesses the essential ining it with linseed oil l 'giyethe followturpe'ntine, or other thinners. 'centage of rust-inhibiting ingredient hownot electrically excite iron to any substantially greater extent than do similar com pounds of chromium; finally, that these materials are compounds which,. in the presence of distilled water and iron, have a tend ency to disassociationsubstantially as low as that which is evident in the case of similar. com o'unds of chromium. It .will of course, understood that a plurality of such ingredients may be employed together,

characteristics above set forth.

As a typicalexample of a process for prearing a rust-inhibiting ingredient and com ing :One hundred pounds of linseed oil are saponified with nineteen pounds of caustic soda. and the resultant product is treated-- with seventy-eight pounds of chrome alum, to precipitate about one hundred pounds of chromium linoleate soap. As a typical process. with a resin, one hundred pounds of rosin are saponified by the addition of twelve pounds of soda ash, and fifty poundsof chrome alum are added, to precipitate about one. hundred pounds of chromium resinate soap.v The resultant product thus obtained may conveniently be employed to form aniinitialsolution in oil and such initial. solution, with or without the 95 ordinary so-called thinners, may be com-- bined with the vehicle, preferably in such; quantity that the rust inhibiting product above described may constitute about five percent. of the total material of the ultimate paint. This paint of course may-be thinned down to the pro er consistency in the-usual manner with oi or with-varnish,

The perever, may be varied following condition.

It is known that pigments ;have in some instances a tendency to produce rust, in other instances they are practically inert in that respect, and in other instances they have' osltive rust inhibiting tendencies. Accordmg therefore to the inherent character of the pigmentary material in this respect, a greater ar'nount'than that before stated may e-employed where thepigment itself is a rust producer, or 'a' less'amount may be used where the pigment is a rust-inhibitor, the percentage named bein a convenient one for use in connection wit a practically inert pigment.

.L anr aware'that it has heretofore been suggested to employ. rust-inhibitingv ingredients as a part of a liquid or. semi-liquid vehicle, but inv such instances, they have consisted entirely of inorganic; compounds, such as potassium bichromate and chromate of zinc, or of compounds in which the acid radical is inorganic, and in these cases the positive protection afiog'ded'by their use has depending upon the like. in which my invention is employed, are

'n tent at rV elude the use of rust-inhibiting in Letters Patent No. 938,505.

limitations whit-h it is the object of my inl \'ention to avoid.

In the above llt'H'l'lPllOll l have referred I to paints as the most prominent and important products to which my invention is adapted. but; it will be understood that the l rust inhibitin ingredients of the class com- I prehended may be employed in Connection f with varnishes or stains, in which solid pigh ingredients are not essential, hence l elass these products as of like character with the paints for the purposes and scope I of my invention. urtl'1ermore, it will be understood that my invention does not ex pigmentary material. and that henee in stating that the rust-inhibiting qualities of paints, or the owing to the presence of the described ingredients. I mean thatsue'h qualities may be; due either wholly or in part to the presence thereof. 7

Ilaving thus described elailn 1 A rust-inlnbiting paint or the like,- owing its rust-inhibiting qualities to an organic acid ratlieal combined with an inore'anie base, snob compound being freely linmy invention, I5

It is hereby certified that in Letters [SEAL Signed and sealed this th day of November, A. D., 1909.

seed-oil-sol uble.

ally ,exeite iron to any substantially greaterextent than do similar compounds of chroniiuin," finally, that in the presence of distilled \rater anddron it has a tendency to dis-association substantially as low as that which is eharaeteristic of chromium resinate. 2. i\ rust-inhibiting Vehicle for paint or the like. consisting of a ehroniiun'i base combined with an or anic .acid radical, such compound being freely, linseetl-oil-soluble, but not freely water-soluble, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof, I havevhcreunto signed my name, at Philadelphia Pennsyl- \nnia this twenty-sixth day of lMay 1908.

ROBERT SYAIN PERRY.

\"i tnesses:

Patent No. 938,505, granted November 2.,

1909, upon the application of Robert Swain Perry, of CaveSpring, Georgia, 'for an I improvement in the Nlanufacture of Paints, an error appears in the'printed specification requiring correction, as follows: Page 2, line 30, the word ion should read iron; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with thisicorrection therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the; Patent Olfice.

E. B. MOORE,

Commissioner of Patents.-

. like. in which my invention is employed, are

'n tent at rV elude the use of rust-inhibiting in Letters Patent No. 938,505.

limitations whit-h it is the object of my inl \'ention to avoid.

In the above llt'H'l'lPllOll l have referred I to paints as the most prominent and important products to which my invention is adapted. but; it will be understood that the l rust inhibitin ingredients of the class com- I prehended may be employed in Connection f with varnishes or stains, in which solid pigh ingredients are not essential, hence l elass these products as of like character with the paints for the purposes and scope I of my invention. urtl'1ermore, it will be understood that my invention does not ex pigmentary material. and that henee in stating that the rust-inhibiting qualities of paints, or the owing to the presence of the described ingredients. I mean thatsue'h qualities may be; due either wholly or in part to the presence thereof. 7

Ilaving thus described elailn 1 A rust-inlnbiting paint or the like,- owing its rust-inhibiting qualities to an organic acid ratlieal combined with an inore'anie base, snob compound being freely linmy invention, I5

It is hereby certified that in Letters [SEAL Signed and sealed this th day of November, A. D., 1909.

seed-oil-sol uble.

ally ,exeite iron to any substantially greaterextent than do similar compounds of chroniiuin," finally, that in the presence of distilled \rater anddron it has a tendency to dis-association substantially as low as that which is eharaeteristic of chromium resinate. 2. i\ rust-inhibiting Vehicle for paint or the like. consisting of a ehroniiun'i base combined with an or anic .acid radical, such compound being freely, linseetl-oil-soluble, but not freely water-soluble, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof, I havevhcreunto signed my name, at Philadelphia Pennsyl- \nnia this twenty-sixth day of lMay 1908.

ROBERT SYAIN PERRY.

\"i tnesses:

Patent No. 938,505, granted November 2.,

1909, upon the application of Robert Swain Perry, of CaveSpring, Georgia, 'for an I improvement in the Nlanufacture of Paints, an error appears in the'printed specification requiring correction, as follows: Page 2, line 30, the word ion should read iron; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with thisicorrection therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the; Patent Olfice.

E. B. MOORE,

Commissioner of Patents.-

'Qorrectio'n in Letters Patent No. 938,505.

It is herehy certified that in Letters Patent No. 938505, granu'd November 2,

' 1909, upon the application of Robert Swain Perry, of Care Spring, Georgia, for an improvmncnt in the Manufacture of Paints/Mn error appears in the printed specification requiring correction. as fOHOWb' Page 2, line 30, the word ion should read iron; and that the said Letters Patent should he read with this correction therein .that the same may conform to the record of the ease in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 30th day of November, A. 1)., 1909.

' E. B. MOORE,

Commissioner of Patents.

[SEAL] 

